System+Fundamentals

**2.1 Basics: Hardware and Networks **
 2.1.1 [|Systems] Fundamentals Social and ethical issues Students must study and evaluate the social and ethical issues involved in the use of IT systems. These may include among others: · health issues and [|ergonomics] related to the use of hardware · increase in teleworking and the virtual office, · [|password] protection, security, biometrics and authorized access · the [|economic] value of information · greater [|dependence] of organizations on IT

 Knowledge of technology

In order to study and evaluate the social and ethical issues involved in the use of IT systems, the systems must have an understanding of related technological concepts. These may include among others: · advantages and disadvantages of [|analogue]and digital data · key terms like [|data], information, and hardware components, for example, input devices, output devices, processing, storage, memory (RAM, ROM), MHz, dpi, bit, KB, MB, GB, TB, ASCII, compatibility, OCR, OMR, bar code, baud, verification and validation, encryption/decryption, firewall, virus, trojan horse, worm, logic bomb,platform, peripheral  · operating systems (multitasking, boot) and utilities,for example, defragment, disk format,virus scan programs. · [|responsible] computer use · a responsible and systematic approach to implementing or upgrading IT systems (for example, regular back-ups, virus checking, security, storage, housekeeping, analysis, design, implementation, testing, evaluation, training, policies and standards). [|Environmental Issues] related to the production of computer components and supplies. [|Environmental] issues related to the disposal of obsolete hardware.

2.1.2 [|Networks]



 · ability to implement different levels of access. · implications of network failure, for example, banks, transportation, hospitals, schools. · implications of collaboration, groupware and data sharing. threat of compromising data integrity in shared databases. · additional threats to privacy on a network compared with stand-alone computers · the need to authenticate information · intellectual property protection on networks, for example, site licences, file access · equality of access for different groups and individuals. · ability to monitor users (surveillance); concerns of people regarding monitoring · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">ability to filter incoming data. · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">ability to control personal, business, military, government operations over a widegeographical area. · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">increased globalization, for example, EFT, EDI, e-commerce. · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">need for interface standards · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">need for network use policy. >>> types of intrusion, for example, viruses, hacking, phreaking security measures. Network types, for example, Intranet<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman','serif';">, Internet, VPN. Encryption and SSL E-commerce. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">**2.2 Applications** <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">2.2.1 [|Software] Fundamentals Social and ethical issues Students must study and evaluate the social and ethical issues involved in the use of software. These may include among others: · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">interfaces adapted for the disabled [|Adaptive Technology] · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">bug-free software · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">software piracy · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">globalization of software · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">use of password protection to prevent unauthorized access <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> Knowledge of technology In order to study and evaluate the social and ethical issues involved in the use of software, the student must have an understanding of related technological concepts. These may include among others: · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">key terms like software and shareware · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">GUI, command-line interface, and voice recognition. [|Databases]<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Social and ethical issues <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.5pt;">Social and ethical issues **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Students must study and evaluate the social and ethical issues involved in the use of networks. These may include: **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.5pt;">Knowledge of technology **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">In order to study and evaluate the social and ethical issues involved in the use of networks the student must have an understanding of related technological concepts. These may include: **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">key terms-LAN, WAN, client, server, Ethernet[[file:Ethernet Networking Explained.doc]], access, access permissions, login, password, firewall, sysadmin, UPS, EDI
 * [[file:Network Communications.ppt]]

Students must study and evaluate the social and ethical issues involved in the use of databases and spreadsheets. These may include among others: · [|privacy] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> of information in different cultures · [|rights] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> of individuals with respect to the storage of personal data, · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">ethical issues related to the collection and use of personal data · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">ethical issues related to the selling of data stored in databases. Knowledge of technology In order to study and evaluate the social and ethical issues involved in the use of databases, the student must have an understanding of related technological concepts. These include: · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">design and creation concepts like updating data · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">storage and access concepts such as data mining and data matching · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">presentation concepts such as special purpose databases in libraries or encyclopedia systems. In order to study and evaluate the social and ethical issues involved in the use of spreadsheets, the student must have an understanding of related technological concepts. These include: · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">design and creation concepts like cell, cell format · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">storage and access concepts such as data transfer between a data base and a spreadsheet. · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">presentation concepts like select print, use of appropriate graph or chart and special purpose spreadsheets [|Legislation] [|Key terms.] [|Word] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> Social and ethical issues Students must study and evaluate the social and ethical issues involved in the use of word processing and desktop publishing (DTP), such as: · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">social impacts of speech-enabled input / output · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">economic effects of DTP on business · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">the effects of word processing and DTP on the workplace like job loss. Knowledge of technology In order to study and evaluate the social and ethical issues involved in the use of word processing and desktop publishing, the student must have an understanding of related technological concepts, such as: · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">word processing versus page layout · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">appropriate use of templates · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">effective use of word processing functions · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">appropriate use of fonts, white space and line spacing to create output which communicates effectively <span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center;">

2.2.4 [|Images], Sound and Presentations <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Social and ethical issues Students must study and evaluate the social and ethical issues involved in the use of images, sound and presentations, These may include among others:

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">multimedia, slideshows, virtual reality, games, · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">copyright issues · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">biased information · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">reliability of data · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">surveillance and privacy. Knowledge of technology In order to study and evaluate the social and ethical issues involved in the use of images, sound and presentations, the student must have an understanding of related technological concepts. These include: · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">design and creation concepts such as data integrity and storage · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">storage, processing and access concepts such as file formats, loading time, and portability. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center;">

2.2.5 Modeling and Simulations <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Social and ethical issues Students must study and evaluate the social and ethical issues involved in the use of modeling and simulations such as: · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">reliability of predictions based on computer models like in global warming · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">security issues involved in military simulations · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">social impact of reliance on simulations to examine issues of public policy Knowledge of technology In order to study and evaluate the social and ethical issues involved in the use of modeling and simulations, the student must have an understanding of related technological concepts, such as: · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">key terms like model and simulation · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">faulty or hidden assumptions · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">processing power needed to create complex models · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">visualization of information · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">correspondence of the model with reality <span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center;">

2.2.6 Tutorials, Training and Wizards (Assistants) <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Social and ethical issues Students must study and evaluate the social and ethical issues involved in the use of tutorials, training, and wizards, such as: · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">balance in responsibility between an individual and an organization for training · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">the need for IT companies to consider global and cultural diversity when preparing training and tutorial software · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">the requirement of organizations to provide training when implementing change Knowledge of technology In order to study and evaluate the social and ethical issues involved in the use of tutorials, training, and wizards, the student must have an understanding of related technological concepts, such as: · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">key terms such as tutorial software, training software, wizards and assistants · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">using wizards, assistants and online assistants and web sites. <span style="color: purple; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">**2.3 Communication Systems** <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">2.3.1 The Internet <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Social and ethical issues Students must study and evaluate the social and ethical issues involved in the use of the Internet, such as: · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">ethical considerations relating to the use of encryption and, to workplace monitoring · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">social impact of global viruses and dependence on the Internet · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">reliability of the information · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">etiquette rules for appropriate behavior when using the Internet · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">ethical considerations relating to workplace monitoring Knowledge of technology In order to study and evaluate the social and ethical issues involved in the use of Internet the student must have an understanding of related technological concepts, such as: · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">e-mail · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">viruses · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">global databases · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">encryption methods · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">features of a web page · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">the limiting effect of bandwidth · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">means for blocking access to information <span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center;">

2.3.2 Personal and Public Communications <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Social and ethical issues Students must study and evaluate the social and ethical issues involved in the use of personal and public communications, such as: · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">social effects of telecommuting · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">effect on the environment of personal communication devices · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">social effects of telecommuniting · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">social effects of widespread use of teleconferencing and video conferencing Knowledge of technology In order to study and evaluate the social and ethical issues involved in the use of personal and public communications, the student must have an understanding of related technological concepts, such as: · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">face-to-face communication versus via technology · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">mobile phones and associated services and uses · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">personal mobile devices such as laptops and PDA · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">key terms · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">undetected intrusions into IT systems <span style="color: purple; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">

2.4.1 Robotics <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Social and ethical issues Students must study and evaluate the social and ethical issues involved in the use of robotics, such as: · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">social and economic effects of replacing people with robots in the work place · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">ethical decisions regarding the use of robots in situations that endanger human beings · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">social impact of human interaction with robots · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">reliability of robotic devices · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">social impact and ethical considerations regarding the use of robotics in medicine Knowledge of technology In order to study and evaluate the social and ethical issues involved in the use robotics, the student must have an understanding of related technological concepts, such as: · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">key terms · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">why robots don't have android human-like forms · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">processing power in relation to the capabilities and limitations of robots · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">the capabilities and limitations of robots with respect to vision, touch, sound and movement <span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center;">
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">2.4 Integrated Systems **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">

2.4.2 Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Social and Ethical Issues Students must study and evaluate the social and ethical issues involved in the use of artificial intelligence and expert systems, such as: · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">implications of creative production by computers using AI · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">responsibility for the performance of an expert system · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">social impact of using smart machines in every day life · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">responsibility for the performance of an expert system Knowledge of technology In order to study and evaluate the social and ethical issues involved in the use of artificial intelligence and expert systems, the student must have an understanding of related technological concepts, such as: · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">key terms · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">storage requirements for AI · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">processing requirements for AI  · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">collection / creation of a knowledge base · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">storage requirements for common-sense knowledge · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">identifying domains that are suitable for expert systems